What Are The Different Types Of Frameworks In Java?
Of all, one of the most intriguing things about the software industry is the power of coding languages – a number of elements coming together to breathe life into an application. While the list of these programming languages is a long one, there are a few that have gained and maintained popularity over time; one such language that tops the list is Java.
Java is an object-oriented, write-once-run-anywhere, server-side programming language. Write once, run anywhere (WORA) was a 1995 slogan created by Sun Microsystems to highlight that Java is an all-purpose language that runs on any platform. It uses something called the Java Virtual Machine that allows Java applications to run anywhere.
According to Oracle, the company that owns Java, Java runs on 3 billion devices worldwide. Many server-side applications are written in Java which processes tens of millions of requests per day. So, what makes it so popular? Its many features – a simple syntax making it easy to learn, object-oriented independent platform, architecture-neutral, secure, and the availability of excellent Java frameworks.
If Java frameworks fascinate you, then this blog is sure to serve as the perfect guide for you. But, before we get to exploring the ultimate Java frameworks list, let’s first understand what a Java framework means and what is its purpose!
Java frameworks are specific to the Java programming language and can be used time and again by developers to program applications without manually creating the generic codes from scratch. They are essentially bodies of prewritten code used by developers to create apps using the Java programming language. They may include predefined classes and functions that can be used to process, input, and manage hardware devices. This significantly depends on the type of framework; let’s take a look at some of the popular ones today-
Most Popular Java Frameworks 2023: Top 8
1. Spring:
Used by mega moths like Accenture, eBay, and Netflix, Spring easily deserves the first spot on Java frameworks list for web development. The reasons for this are plenty; to name a few – an ideal choice for almost any type of Java project, a modular framework usable with any or all the layers of a project, a range of security features that facilitate authentication, verification, and validation, and more. This framework is the best bet for the ones who are a part of the MVC architecture fan club.
Key Features:
- Lightweight, owing to the dependency injection feature
- Aspect-Oriented programming
- Supports backward compatibility
- Has annotation-style configuration compatibility
- Allows for easy integration with other frameworks
2. Spring Boot:
Spring Boot is an open-source Java-based framework. It makes the process of creating microservices with Spring Framework faster and easier. How? With these three functionalities: Autoconfiguration. An opinionated approach to configuration. It is developed by the Pivotal Team and has the impressive ability to create standalone applications. The primary objective of this framework is to reduce overall development time. It also helps increase efficiency by providing a default setup for unit and integration tests.
Key Features:
- Easy yet effective creation of stand-alone spring applications
- Allows the embedding of Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow directly
- Configures Spring and third-party libraries automatically
- Provides metrics, health checks, and externalized configuration
- No code generation / no XML configuration required
3. Hibernate:
Another one of the lightweight, open-source Java frameworks is Hibernate. Companies like IBM and Dell have used the Hibernate framework for their web applications. It is an ORM (Object Relational Mapping) tool that is designed primarily to simplify the development of Java applications. Its expertise lies in the implementation of JPA (Java Persistence API) for data persistence. If relational databases are your forte then the Hibernate is the best choice of framework for you to work with.
Key Features:
- Open-source and lightweight
- Allows for strong data manipulation with little coding
- High productivity and portability
- Enables automatic table creation
- Provides query statistics and database status
4. JSF (JavaServer Faces):
JSF (JavaServer Faces) is an oracle-built, stable framework that holds a special place in the back-end developers’ hearts? The framework makes it easy for them to understand the front-side of complex applications; they get access to many front-end tools, without too much coding. It is equipped with a component-based MVC environment that aids with designing all the right faces for Java applications. It also comes with multiple libraries that allow developers to experiment with the front-end aspect of applications, without in-depth knowledge on the subject.
Key Features:
- Component-based framework
- Supports HTML5, as well as internationalization
- Implements Facelets technology
- Easy integration with expression language
- Effective and efficient web development
5. GWT (Google Web Toolkit):
Blogger, Google Analytics, Google AdWords, and Google AdSense – all of these commonly used website applications are built using Java’s GWT framework. Being a Google product, it is an open-source framework that reels in a lot of beginners. This is because aspiring developers can design inviting and engaging UIs, even if they have little to no experience working with front-end scripting languages. It allows developers to write client-side applications in Java and is ideal for the development of applications that are dynamic in terms of scale.
Key Features:
- Java application translation to browser-compliant JavaScript via Google Compiler
- Writes client-side applications
- Provides full debugging capability
- Easy integration with Junit and Maven
- Helps build large-scale and high-performance web applications
6. Blade:
Inspired by Node’s Express and Python’s Flask, the Blade framework is built for a developer who mostly works on an independent or freelance basis. It is an incredibly lightweight framework that allows them to build applications at an accelerated speed. How? When you start a project using this framework, most of the aspects are already in place. As a developer, all one has to do is add the most current dependencies to the config file. To further add to this ease, there is absolutely no need for external servers.
Key Features:
- Supports plug-in extensions
- Lightweight, owing to the Jetty server
- Comes with the MVC architecture
- Multiple configuration files support
- Restful style routing
7. Play:
Popular names such as LinkedIn, Verizon, and Samsung leverage the power of play. This framework is designed to help developers build web applications with Java & Scala, both expertly and easily. It is lightweight and features a web-friendly architecture. If you wish to familiarise yourself with play, the drill is simple enough – all you need is the basic knowledge of how the coding and command world works, a web browser, and a text editor. It is also an ideal choice for mobile development because of its brilliant NoSQL compatibility.
Key Features:
- Open-source website application framework
- Restful in nature
- Follows the MVC architectural pattern
- Easy to monitor real-time development
- Enables remote teams to work in sync
8. Grails:
Grails is an open-source, Groovy-based website application framework that flawlessly integrates with Java. Over time, it has proven to be a blessing for developers, thanks to its markup views that allow them to easily generate HTML code. The framework works wonders when developing agile website applications as it follows the MVCS (Model, View, and Controller) design pattern. It is one of the most sought-after tools because it enables developers to expend more time and effort on actual application requirements and not on configuring the framework.
Key Features:
- Open-source, high-productivity framework
- Suitable for projects with tight deadlines
- Seamless Java integration
- Built-in testing framework
- Plug-in library
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Related Readings: Key Differences: Hibernate Vs.Spring Frameworks.
